Ace the Missouri Civics Challenge 2025 – Conquer the Test and Elevate Your Education!

The U.S. Congress is a bicameral legislature, meaning it consists of two distinct chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate is made up of two senators from each state, providing equal representation regardless of the state's population. In contrast, the House of Representatives consists of members whose numbers are based on the population of each state, which allows for proportional representation.

This structure is rooted in the Constitution and was designed to balance the power between states with larger populations and those with smaller populations. The Senate plays a key role in confirming presidential appointments, ratifying treaties, and acting as a trial body for impeachments, while the House of Representatives initiates revenue bills and has the power to impeach federal officials.

The other answer choices do not accurately represent the composition of Congress. The Supreme Court is part of the judiciary, not the legislature, and neither the President's Council nor the Executive Branch are components of Congress. Thus, the emphasis on the Senate and the House of Representatives as the two chambers reflects the foundational structure of American legislative governance.